第一部分：英译汉

Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European Union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.

The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects - from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grains.

In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made up of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10 percent target "overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control."

"The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem," Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.

He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions "in isolation," without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.

"The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions," Somlyody said. "But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet."

The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.

It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels - encouraged by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.

Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and peat swamp are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save. Equally concerning, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.

In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.

The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.

"Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations," said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization

For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.

To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.

天之聪网校参考译文：

欧盟此前制定了一个有关生物燃料发展的目标，到2020年生物燃料在交通运输燃料供应中所占比例必须达到10%，但上周五欧洲环境署顾问小组做出了一个重大科学决定，呼吁欧盟暂停执行该政策。

欧盟在去年才刚制定该目标，要求将生物燃料占比从2010年的5.75%提高至2020年的10%。不过，顾问小组的科学家们得出的结论是：欧洲倡导大力发展生物燃料初衷是好的，但是现已造成了东南亚森林砍伐、粮食价格攀升等各种负面连锁反应。

该顾问小组由包括欧洲顶尖气候学家在内的20名成员组成。上周末该顾问小组发布了一项建议，称10%的占比目标“过高”，这种“实验”产生的其它影响难以预测和控制。

在接受电话采访时，布达佩斯技术与经济大学教授、该顾问小组组长拉兹洛﹒索姆里奥迪（Laszlo Somlyody）说，“我们认为必须放缓生态燃料发展步伐，认真分析后再重新确定目标。”

他说，当欧盟制定相关目标时，没有就发展生态燃料对土地利用和粮食供应等其他相关领域造成的影响进行充分调研，片面、孤立地制定了交通运输领域的减排政策和目标。

“出发点是对的：欧盟带头减排令人欣慰，我们也确实需要控制交通运输领域的排放，” 索姆里奥迪说，“但是问题在于，欧盟只想到了交通运输领域，没有考虑到其他领域因此受到的影响，而且目前我们对这些影响也并十分了解。”

该顾问小组提出的上述建议并不具约束力，目前也尚不清楚欧洲委员会是否会赞同该建议。

此前，欧洲和美国都纷纷设立生物燃料发展目标并给予大力补贴，由此在全球掀起了生物燃料热，但是，现在有越来越多的证据表明，这股浪潮并没有产生预期效果。

比如，多项调查表明，现在人们为了种植生物燃料作物，不惜砍伐森林，占用泥潭沼泽，由此产生的温室气体排放量甚至超过了使用生物燃料所减少的排放量，得不偿失。同样引人担忧的是，为了种植更为有利可图的生物燃料作物，基本粮田和饮用水均遭占用。

在欧洲和美国，粮食储备不断减少、小麦价格逐渐攀升，披萨和面包等食品的价格都出现了较大涨幅。

本周，联合国粮农组织称，小麦和大米的价格均同比翻番，玉米价格也出现了三分之一的涨幅。

粮农组织的亨利﹒约瑟兰德说，“穷人的食品支出在总支出中的占比远高于富人，所以粮食价格上涨对他们的影响最大。”

欧洲环境署顾问小组建议，对植物生物量的最佳利用不是生产燃料，而是用于家庭取暖和发电。

要生产车用生物燃料，植物生物量必须经过蒸馏，且制成燃料后还需要长途运输送达目的地。而如果换做家用的话，植物生物量往往可以直接利用或者经过简单加工即可利用，而且仅需短途运输。

第二部分：汉译英

作为一个国际商业中心，上海拥有繁忙的港口，亚洲最重要的证券交易所之一，以及世界500强都不能忽视的巨大市场。

上海已建成全国顶级的博物馆和歌剧院，还将举办2010年世界博览会，向人们展示其商业和文化中心的地位。在世博会153年的历史中，拥有1700万人口的上海将成为发展中国家的首个东道主。

预计在2010年5月至10月的世博会期间，参观人数将达到创纪录的7000万人次。世博会的主题为：城市，让生活更美好。上海希望通过举办世博会盈利的同时，能吸引资金流向其服务业。从长远看，世博会将有利于城市改造并全面提升海海的国际形象。

上海计划为世博会投资30亿美元。为确保世博会举办期间交通顺畅，还将投入更多资金用于改造道路和地铁。

根据世博会规划，所有会展建筑将建在黄浦江两岸，包括众多高科技展厅和一个会议中心。上海市政府决心通过举办世博会，不断改善城市生活。世博会结束后，大部分场址将被改造成生活、办公和休闲设施。

天之聪网校参考译文：

As a global business center, Shanghai is home to one of the busiest harbors in the world and one of the leading bourses in Asia. The metropolitan city represents an enormous market that even Global 500 corporations can’t afford to dismiss/ignore/overlook.    

The top-notch/top-flight/premium museums and opera houses that have already been in place and the upcoming World Expo 2010 all testify to/mirror/showcase/speak volumes about the commercial and cultural significance/weight of the dynamic city. Shanghai, home to 17 million people, will be remembered as the first-ever city in a developing country that plays host to the 153-year-old extravaganza/event.

A record 70 million people are expected to visit the Expo that runs from May to October 2010/Shanghai is expected to welcome 70 million visitor arrivals during the Expo that runs from May to October 2010. The municipal government of Shanghai hopes that the World Expo, under the theme of “Better City, Better Life”, could help direct/divert/channel investments to service sectors while generating profits for the local coffer. In the long run, the grand gathering promises to boost/facilitate/bolster urban transformation/upgrading and elevate the international profile of Shanghai/the Expo will go a long way towards/contribute to urban transformation and promote Shanghai’s global image.

Beyond/On top of 3 billion US dollars of planned investment in the Expo itself, additional funds will be earmarked to smooth traffic by upgrading Shanghai’s road network and subway system in the run-up to the event.    

Based on the plan for the Expo, the Expo Site spans both sides of the Huangpu River, including numerous high-tech pavilions and one conference center. The local authorities of Shanghai are committed to hosting a successful Expo as a way to make a difference in city life. Most of the venues are to be converted into living quarters, office space and recreational facilities after the Expo.

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